Introduce the Scope and Relevance of Adenotonsillectomy Highlight its prevalence in pediatric surgical practice and its association with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Review Relevant Anatomy Discuss the structure and function of Waldeyer’s ring and its components, including the pharyngeal and palatine tonsils, with emphasis on vascular and nerve supply. Understand the Pathophysiology of oSDB/OSA in Pediatrics Explore how adenotonsillar hypertrophy contributes to airway obstruction and the implications for anaesthetic management. Examine Diagnostic Approaches Outline clinical assessment, risk factors, and investigations including polysomnography and imaging techniques. Discuss Surgical Indications and Techniques Present criteria for surgery, types of tonsillectomy (cold, hot, coblation, partial), and associated complications. Anaesthetic Considerations Detail preoperative assessment, anaesthesia planning, induction strategies, airway management, and pain control. Address Perioperative and Postoperative Challenges Review management of complications such as bleeding, laryngospasm, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Emphasize Postoperative Care and Discharge Planning Identify criteria for day-case suitability and the importance of communication and patient selection. Summarize Key Learning Points Reinforce the need for risk stratification, multimodal analgesia, and specialized care for high-risk pediatric patients.