Explain the pharmacological basis of semaglutide Describe its classification as a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Understand its mechanism of action in glucose control and weight loss. Interpret evidence from major clinical trials Summarize findings from SUSTAIN, PIONEER, SELECT, STEP, and FLOW trials. Discuss semaglutide’s impact on glycemic control, cardiovascular outcomes, weight reduction, and renal protection. Identify approved indications and patient selection criteria Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, obesity/overweight, CKD, and cardiovascular risk management. Recognize safety profile and adverse effects Common gastrointestinal side effects and rare complications (e.g., pancreatitis, thyroid carcinoma risk). Demonstrate knowledge of administration and dosing Different formulations (subcutaneous vs oral), dosing schedules, and practical considerations. Evaluate long-term benefits and limitations Discuss sustainability of weight loss, cardiovascular and renal benefits, and implications for clinical practice.