Symptoms Classic symptoms: Fever, severe headache, and nuchal rigidity (stiff neck). Other common symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and confusion. In infants: Irritability, poor feeding, high-pitched cry, unusual sleepiness, and a bulging soft spot on the head. Severe signs: A characteristic rash (meningococcal rash) that looks like pinpricks or purple bruises, seizures, or coma. Causes Bacteria: Various bacteria can cause the infection, often spreading through respiratory droplets from carriers who may not be ill themselves. Transmission: Bacteria are spread by coughing, sneezing, spitting, or kissing. Risk factors: Weakened immune systems, recent head injury, or being in close-quarters environments, such as college dorms, can increase risk. Treatment and prevention Emergency treatment: Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention and urgent intravenous antibiotics. Corticosteroids are also recommended to help reduce brain swelling and other complications. Prevention: Vaccines are available and are the most effective way to protect against many common causes of bacterial meningitis. Maintaining good hygiene is also important. Complications Without prompt treatment, bacterial meningitis can lead to serious, life-long complications or death. Potential complications: Brain damage, seizures, stroke, hearing loss, and other long-term neurological problems.