Learning Objectives: By the end of this CME session, participants will be able to: Abnormal Labor & Interventions Define and classify types of abnormal labor (dystocia). Describe causes and risk factors associated with prolonged or obstructed labor. Identify when and how to intervene in abnormal labor using medical or surgical means (e.g., augmentation, cesarean delivery). Apply partograph findings in the timely identification of labor abnormalities. Breech Delivery Understand the types and mechanisms of breech presentation. Discuss the indications, contraindications, and risks of vaginal breech delivery. Demonstrate appropriate techniques for conducting vaginal breech delivery safely. Evaluate criteria for selecting candidates for vaginal breech versus cesarean delivery. Shoulder Dystocia Recognize early signs of shoulder dystocia during delivery. Apply evidence-based maneuvers (e.g., McRoberts, suprapubic pressure, Rubin’s, Woods screw) to relieve shoulder dystocia. Understand the potential complications for mother and neonate and strategies to prevent brachial plexus injuries. Cord Emergencies Identify and manage umbilical cord prolapse and cord presentation. Understand the implications of true knots, nuchal cords, and cord entanglement. Apply emergency protocols for cord prolapse including intrauterine resuscitation and urgent delivery planning. Assisted Vaginal Deliveries (AVDs) Discuss indications, prerequisites, and contraindications for forceps and vacuum-assisted deliveries. Demonstrate correct techniques and troubleshooting strategies in AVDs. Recognize and manage potential complications associated with AVD for both mother and newborn.