By the end of this CME session, participants will be able to: Define Advanced HIV Disease Identify the WHO criteria for diagnosing AHD in adults, adolescents, and children. Describe the burden and epidemiology of AHD locally and globally. Screening and Diagnosis Conduct appropriate screening for opportunistic infections including TB, cryptococcal meningitis, and severe bacterial infections. Utilize diagnostic tools and laboratory markers (CD4 count, CrAg, LAM) in identifying patients at risk. Management of Opportunistic Infections Initiate timely treatment and prophylaxis for common OIs such as TB, cryptococcal meningitis, PCP, and toxoplasmosis. Apply national protocols for pre-emptive and therapeutic interventions. Timing of ART Initiation Determine optimal timing for ART initiation in AHD, especially in the presence of active OIs. Understand risks and management strategies for IRIS. Monitoring and Supportive Care Implement follow-up strategies, adherence counseling, and psychosocial support for patients with AHD. Address nutritional, mental health, and palliative care needs of patients with AHD. Preventive Strategies and Health System Integration Incorporate preventive packages including cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, IPT, and vaccinations. Integrate AHD care into routine HIV services using differentiated service delivery models.